What is the purpose of an air release valve in a water distribution system?

An air release valve is specifically designed to release trapped air from the piping in a water distribution system. The presence of air pockets in the pipeline can lead to various operational issues, such as reduced efficiency and potential damage to the system. These air pockets can cause water hammer, where pressure surges occur when water suddenly changes direction or stops, leading to stress on pipes and fittings. By effectively allowing air to escape, the air release valve helps maintain the system's hydraulic efficiency, ensuring that water can flow freely without obstruction. This not only improves performance but also extends the life of the infrastructure.