What happens to water quality if nitrates are present in high concentrations?

High concentrations of nitrates in water can lead to a deterioration in water quality for several reasons. Nitrates are common pollutants that can originate from agricultural runoff, wastewater, and fertilizers. When present in excessive amounts, they can cause several issues.

First, high nitrate levels can result in eutrophication, which is an overgrowth of algae in water bodies. This process can deplete oxygen levels in the water, harming aquatic life, including fish and other organisms.

Additionally, elevated nitrate concentrations are particularly concerning for human health. In infants, high levels of nitrates can lead to a condition known as methemoglobinemia, or "blue baby syndrome," where the blood's ability to carry oxygen is reduced. This condition can be life-threatening if not addressed.

The presence of high nitrates can also make water unsuitable for drinking and recreational activities due to the associated health risks and the impact on the ecosystem. These factors combined illustrate how nitrates critically compromise the overall quality of water.