What condition can nitrates cause in infants?

Nitrates in drinking water can lead to a condition known as "blue baby syndrome," medically referred to as methemoglobinemia. This condition occurs when high levels of nitrates are ingested, converting hemoglobin in the blood into methemoglobin, which is unable to carry oxygen effectively. As a result, infants with this condition may develop symptoms such as a bluish tint to the skin, particularly around the lips and fingertips, indicating that their blood is not adequately oxygenated.

Infants are particularly vulnerable because their bodies are less capable of handling elevated nitrate levels compared to adults. This is critical for caregivers and health professionals to monitor water sources for nitrate contamination, especially in areas where fertilizers are heavily used or where sewage may contaminate local water supplies. Understanding this risk is essential for ensuring the health and safety of infants in relation to water quality.